Uso concomitante de ketamina y propofol en perfusión continua en cuidados intensivos: eficacia y seguridad para analgesia y sedación prolongada / Prospective observational study on the use of continuous intravenous ketamine and propofol infusion for prolonged sedation in critical care

Introducción: La analgosedación es una prioridad en el cuidado de pacientes en unidades de intensivos pediátricos. La combinación de ketamina y propofol puede ser una alternativa para aquellos pacientes con necesidad de sedación prolongada, con dificultad para la sedación y para disminuir el empleo de benzodiacepinas y opiáceos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la eficacia y seguridad de la combinación de ketamina y propofol en perfusión continua para la analgosedación en unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos.Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte única prospectivo observacional en pacientes de 1 mes a 16 años ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos entre 2016 y 2018 que recibieron tratamiento con ketamina y propofol en perfusión continua para analgosedación. Se recogieron datos clínicos y demográficos, scores de analgesia y sedación (MAPS, COMFORT-B y SOPHIA), parámetros hemodinámicos y efectos adversos. Resultados: Treinta y dos pacientes fueron incluidos. La dosis máxima de ketamina fue de 1,5mg/kg/h (RI 1-2mg/kg/h) y la duración, 5 días (RI 3-5 días). La dosis máxima de propofol fue de 3,2mg/kg/hora (RI 2,5-3,6mg/kg/hora) y la duración, 5 días (RI 3-5 días). Treinta pacientes (93,7%) habían recibido midazolam y 29 (90,6%) fentanilo previamente. Tras el inicio de la perfusión de ketamina y propofol la puntuación en la escala de analgesia no se modificó. El COMFORT-B mostró un incremento estadísticamente significativo, pero se mantuvo dentro del rango de sedación adecuada (12-17). Se produjo una leve disminución en la presión arterial media tras una hora de administración, que fue estadísticamente significativa (de 64mmHg a 60mmHg; P=0,006) así como en la presión arterial diastólica (de 50,5 a 48mmHg; P=0,023). Esta diferencia desapareció a las 12 horas del inicio y no requirió uso de drogas vasoactivas. No se detectaron efectos adversos graves durante la administración. (AU)

Introduction: Analgesia and sedation are a priority in paediatric intensive care. The combination of ketamine and propofol is a possible option in patients requiring prolonged or difficult sedation and to reduce the use of benzodiazepines and opiates. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of combination ketamine and propofol in continuous infusion for prolonged analgesia/sedation in the paediatric intensive care setting. Patients and methods: Prospective, observational single-group cohort study in patients aged 1 month to 16 years admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit in 2016–2018 that received ketamine and propofol in continuous infusion for analgesia and sedation. We collected data on demographic and clinical characteristics, analgesia and sedation scores (MAPS, COMFORT-B and SOPHIA), haemodynamic parameters and adverse events. Results: The study included 32 patients. The maximum dose of ketamine was 1.5mg/kg/h (interquartile range [IQR], 1–2mg/kg/h) and the infusion duration was 5 days (IQR, 3–5 days). The maximum dose of propofol was 3.2mg/kg/h (IQR, 2.5–3.6mg/kg/h) and the infusion duration, 5 days (IQR, 3–5 days). Thirty (93.7%) patients had previously received midazolam and 29 (90.6%) fentanyl. Analgesia scores did not change after initiation of the ketamine and propofol infusion. There was a statistically significant increase in the COMFORT-B score, but the score remained in the adequate sedation range (12–17). There were small but statistically significant decreases in the mean arterial pressure (from 64mmHg to 60mmHg; P=.006) and the diastolic blood pressure (from 50.5 to 48mmHg; P=.023) 1h after the initiation of the ketamine and propofol infusion, but this difference was not observed 12h later and did not require administration of vasoactive drugs. No other major adverse events were detected during the infusion. (AU)

Prospective observational study on the use of continuous intravenous ketamine and propofol infusion for prolonged sedation in critical care.

INTRODUCTION: Analgesia and sedation are a priority in paediatric intensive care. The combination of ketamine and propofol is a possible option in patients requiring prolonged or difficult sedation and to reduce the use of benzodiazepines and opiates. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of combination ketamine and propofol in continuous infusion for prolonged analgesia/sedation in the paediatric intensive care setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective, observational single-group cohort study in patients aged 1 month to 16 years admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit in 2016-2018 that received ketamine and propofol in continuous infusion for analgesia and sedation. We collected data on demographic and clinical characteristics, analgesia and sedation scores (MAPS, COMFORT-B and SOPHIA), haemodynamic parameters and adverse events. RESULTS: The study included 32 patients. The maximum dose of ketamine was 1.5 mg/kg/h (interquartile range [IQR], 1-2 mg/kg/h) and the infusion duration was 5 days (IQR, 3-5 days). The maximum dose of propofol was 3.2 mg/kg/h (IQR, 2.5-3.6 mg/kg/h) and the infusion duration, 5 days (IQR, 3-5 days). Thirty (93.7%) patients had previously received midazolam and 29 (90.6%) fentanyl. Analgesia scores did not change after initiation of the ketamine and propofol infusion. There was a statistically significant increase in the COMFORT-B score, but the score remained in the adequate sedation range (12-17). There were small but statistically significant decreases in the mean arterial pressure (from 64 mmHg to 60 mmHg; P = .006) and the diastolic blood pressure (from 50.5 to 48 mmHg; P = .023) 1 h after the initiation of the ketamine and propofol infusion, but this difference was not observed 12 h later and did not require administration of vasoactive drugs. No other major adverse events were detected during the infusion. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ketamine and propofol in continuous infusion is a safe treatment in critically ill children that makes it possible to achieve an appropriate level of analgesia and sedation without relevant haemodynamic repercussions.